Lower back pain is one of the most common medical problems in the United States — and one of its leading causes is a herniated disc. This condition can range from mildly uncomfortable to severely debilitating, often interfering with work, sleep, and quality of life. Understanding what happens when a disc herniates, what symptoms to look for, and how it can be treated is essential to getting relief.
At Ortho Sport & Spine Physicians, a nationally recognized center of excellence in orthopedic sports medicine, orthopedic spine surgery, and interventional spine care, our specialists treat patients with herniated discs every day. With dozens of locations across the U.S., we provide state-of-the-art, minimally invasive treatments designed to help you heal faster and return to your active lifestyle safely.
What Is a Herniated Disc?
Your spine is made up of a series of bones (vertebrae) separated by intervertebral discs, which act as cushions or shock absorbers. Each disc has a soft, gel-like center (nucleus pulposus) surrounded by a tough outer layer (annulus fibrosus).
A herniated disc, sometimes called a slipped or ruptured disc, occurs when a portion of the inner gel pushes through a tear in the outer layer. This can irritate or compress nearby spinal nerves, leading to pain, numbness, or weakness in the back and legs.
According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), approximately 2% of adults experience a herniated lumbar disc each year — with most cases occurring between ages 30 and 50.
Common Causes of Lumbar Disc Herniation
Herniated discs are often the result of a combination of natural aging and mechanical stress. The most common causes include:
- Degenerative Disc Disease – Over time, spinal discs lose hydration and flexibility, making them more prone to tears or ruptures.
- Improper Lifting Techniques – Lifting heavy objects using your back instead of your legs puts excessive pressure on the spine.
- Sudden Movements or Twisting – Abrupt motions, especially during sports or work, can cause the disc to slip or rupture.
- Repetitive Strain – Prolonged sitting, poor posture, or repetitive bending can weaken the spinal discs.
- Trauma or Injury – Car accidents, falls, or sports injuries can lead to disc herniation.
- Genetic Factors – Some individuals inherit a predisposition for weaker or less hydrated spinal discs.
Symptoms of a Herniated Disc in the Lower Back
A herniated disc in the lumbar spine can cause a variety of symptoms depending on which nerve roots are affected. Common signs include:
- Sharp or burning lower back pain that radiates into the buttocks or leg
- Sciatica, a shooting pain that travels down one side of the body
- Numbness or tingling in the legs or feet
- Muscle weakness, making it difficult to walk or lift objects
- Pain that worsens with sitting, coughing, or bending forward
If a herniated disc compresses the spinal cord or cauda equina (the nerve bundle at the base of the spine), it can cause serious complications such as loss of bladder or bowel control — a medical emergency that requires immediate attention.
Diagnosing a Herniated Disc
At Ortho Sport & Spine Physicians, we use advanced diagnostic tools to accurately identify the location and severity of disc herniations. This may include:
- MRI scans for detailed imaging of spinal discs and nerves
- CT scans or X-rays to rule out other conditions
- Electrodiagnostic studies (EMG/NCS) to assess nerve function
Our board-certified orthopedic spine specialists create customized treatment plans to address your specific symptoms and lifestyle goals.
Treatment Options for Herniated Discs
The good news is that most herniated discs do not require surgery. In fact, up to 90% of patients experience significant improvement with non-surgical treatments.
Non-surgical Treatments:
- Physical Therapy: Targeted exercises can strengthen core muscles, improve flexibility, and relieve nerve pressure.
- Epidural Steroid Injections: Image-guided injections reduce inflammation and pain around the affected nerve.
- Medications: Anti-inflammatory drugs or muscle relaxants can provide temporary relief.
- Chiropractic Care & Postural Training: Helps restore spinal alignment and prevent recurrence.
- Lifestyle Modifications: Weight management, ergonomic adjustments, and regular low-impact exercise can prevent further injury.
Minimally Invasive and Surgical Options
When conservative treatments fail, or nerve compression is severe, surgery may be necessary. At Ortho Sport & Spine Physicians, we specialize in minimally invasive spine surgery, including:
- Microdiscectomy: Removes only the herniated portion of the disc to relieve nerve compression while preserving healthy tissue.
- Endoscopic Spine Surgery: Performed through tiny incisions with minimal muscle disruption for faster recovery.
- Artificial Disc Replacement: In select cases, this option restores mobility while relieving pain.
Our advanced surgical techniques minimize scarring, reduce recovery time, and yield excellent outcomes for patients nationwide.
When to Seek Medical Attention
You should see a spine specialist if your back pain:
- Persists for more than 2 weeks
- Radiates into the leg or causes weakness
- Interferes with walking or daily activities
- Causes numbness or tingling
- Is accompanied by bladder or bowel changes
Early diagnosis and intervention can prevent long-term complications and chronic nerve damage.
Expert Spine Care Across the U.S.
At Ortho Sport & Spine Physicians, we are proud to be a national leader in orthopedic and spine medicine, offering patients cutting-edge diagnostics, personalized care, and minimally invasive treatments. Whether you’re suffering from a herniated disc, sciatica, or chronic lower back pain, our specialists can help you get back to a pain-free, active lifestyle.
With convenient locations throughout the country, expert care is always close to home.
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