Elbow injuries, particularly fractures and dislocations, are relatively common, especially among active individuals, athletes and children. Understanding the causes of these injuries can help in prevention and in responding to emergencies. Ortho Sport & Spine Physicians explores the most frequent causes of elbow fractures and dislocations.
Falls
The National Institutes of Health reports that the most common method of fracturing the elbow is by falling on an outstretched hand with the elbow fully extended. People often try to catch themselves with their arms during a fall, leading to an impact on the elbow. This is especially common among children who may fall from playground equipment or during sports activities. In adults, slips on wet surfaces or tripping can result in similar injuries.
Sports Injuries
Athletes are particularly prone to elbow injuries due to the high level of physical activity involved in most sports. Up to 50% of professional football and baseball injuries involve the upper body, and many are to the elbow. Activities that require repetitive arm motions can put stress on the elbow joint. Additionally, high-impact sports can lead to acute elbow injuries through collisions or direct blows to the joint.
Motor Vehicle Accidents
Accidents on the road can result in severe trauma to the body, including the elbow. In a collision, individuals may brace themselves with their arms, leading to dislocations or fractures. The force of impact can also cause injuries even without direct contact with the elbow, as the entire upper body can be thrown around.
Direct Trauma
Any direct hit to the elbow—whether from a fall, a collision, or a blunt object—can cause fractures or dislocations. This could happen in various situations, including physical fights, accidental strikes during everyday activities or contact sports.
Overuse Injuries
Chronic overuse of the elbow joint can weaken the bones and surrounding tissues, making them more susceptible to injuries. Conditions like tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) can contribute to elbow instability and increase the risk of dislocations or fractures during physical activity.
Age-Related Changes
As people age, bone density can decrease, and joints may become less stable. Olecranon fractures in the elderly have an increasing incidence and often present as fragility fractures secondary to low-energy trauma such as a fall from a standing height. Osteoporosis, a condition that weakens bones, is common in older adults, making them more vulnerable to fractures. Additionally, older individuals may have slower reaction times, increasing the likelihood of falls.
Elbow Fractures and Dislocations Treatment
Elbow fractures and dislocations can occur from a variety of causes, from acute trauma to chronic overuse. Awareness of these causes can help individuals take precautions, such as using protective gear during sports, being cautious of fall risks and maintaining bone health through diet and exercise.
If you suspect an elbow injury, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly to ensure proper diagnosis and treatment. Ortho Sport & Spine Physicians has the knowledge and expertise to accurately diagnose elbow fractures and dislocations and guide you to effective treatment for a fast recovery. Contact us today to learn more.
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